Although I'm not in any kind of "inner circle"of the emergent movement, I feel compelled to give those who are a little shout-out, and respond to some of its criticisms from my own perspective. I think that I have a basis from which to speak because I have read many of Brian McLaren's books, as well as several speeches/articles from other leaders in the movement and talked with a few emergent leaders. If
you happen to be from the emerging church movement and see that I don't know what I'm talking about, please let me know.
I've heard three main critiques about those churches which call themselves "emergent". One is that their "postmodern" viewpoint is philosophically and morally relativistic, and is not compatible with God as an Absolute Authority. A second criticism is that churches focus too much on the bells and whistles of services--videocasts, hip art displays, smooth music, cool pastors--to the detriment of the actual message, which becomes a shallow "Jesus loves you". Finally, all this postmodernism leads to some unorthodox, and in some cases heretical, theology.
First I'd like to point out that "emergent" or "the emerging church" is not a denomination. Every church is different, and every person has different ideas. "Emergent" is a term that was coined to describe a lot of similar ideas and attitudes that have been developing for a few years, and I kinda like it :). Simply put, the emerging church rejects a philosophically modernist approach to Christianity (a methodological, formulaic view which accepts facts as completely absolute and knowable) and instead views the Christian faith through a postmodern lens. Faith is often described as a "conversation" or a "journey"--something always to be relearned and renewed.
Postmodern relativismI believe there are two types of philosophy--that which philosophy Ph.D.'s contemplate and generally remains in some kind of linguistic stratosphere, and a kind of folk philosophy, which us folks generally live by. I am not a philosopher and cannot debate the abstractest of postulates, but I can construct a worldview which I hope is both logical and coherent. Therefore when I use terms like "postmodern" and "relativism", I mean the people's general understanding of such terms.
John MacArthur is one person who comes to mind when I think of strong critics of the emerging church, and relativism seems to be his favorite subject. I have heard him speak very passionately about the dangers, evils, and inconsistencies of relativism, and have often been frustrated by what I see as a simplistic and incomplete understanding. Unfortunately I think this is a common understanding among conservative Evangelicals. The primary misconception is to assume that "relativism" means "nothing is True." That is indeed a complex philosophy to hold, and one that I think few people outside academia actually hold. At least, no one I know :).
I believe emerging church Christians
definitely believe in the One True God who is absolutely and finally True. As C.S. Lewis puts it, "the rock bottom, irreducible Fact on which all other fact depend" [
Mere Christianity, HarperCollins, 184). However, it is impossible for any of us to actually
know that Fact or Truth completely, for two reasons. Firstly, the only way we could know It is for us to be equal to It, for us to be able to see to world as It sees us, and that is not the case. Secondly, and this is the more commonly referenced reason, we all have bias. All of us are shaped by our experiences, and our experiences are what we base our knowledge on.
Here is an illustration: A girl from Florida goes to visit a boy in Minnesota. When she gets there she says, "Wow, it is
really cold outside!" The boy says, "No it's not, it's just right." Both of them are expressing the truth as it is relative to them. Naturally, that does not change the fact that it is 42 degrees F. 42 degrees is the objective, actual Truth. However, even knowledge of that Truth does not change the truth of each of their experiences. In order to know the Truth beyond their experience, they have to look at the thermometer, which would be analogous to the Bible. I think you would agree with me that the Bible is several times more complex than a thermometer, which is where interpretation comes in. I'll get to that in part III.
The same reasoning goes for "moral relativism." There is a universal law, which Jesus summed up very well in "Love God, love your neighbor." However, there is a lot of disagreement on
what some of the rules to follow are and even more on
how they should be implemented. Some things (like modesty, honor, and authority) are very different between cultures. Others (like the sanctity of life, sex, and personal property) are recognized almost across the board, but are treated differently, even within cultures and within Christianity itself.
What are the implications of a quasi-relativistic worldview such as this ? I believe it means you comes to Truth much more humbly. Knowledge does not completely go by the wayside; you still have all the cumulative experiences of your own life and the knowledge you've acquired from others. But you also know that there is always more to learn and experience. You will never stop on the journey growing ever closer to Truth. When someone is telling you something that you believe is wrong, instead of immediately rejecting his or her position, you carefully consider their perspective and
really listen to what they have to say. Then you humbly embrace and lightly hold whatever conclusions to which you honestly come.
We will seek Truth all of our lives, but in the end it is not our knowledge, but our faith that saves us.
To be continued...